Urologists are physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of the disorders of the male and female urinary tract and the male reproductive organs. Urologists are required to have knowledge of internal medicine, gynecology, pediatrics and fertility.

Urologists treat their patients both medically and surgically, addressing problems in the urinary tract like incontinence and tumors or kidney stones, and in the male reproductive system like infertility and impotence.

The field of urology contains eight subspecialty areas, including female urology, male infertility, neurourology, pediatric urology, renal transplantation, urinary tract stones, urologic urology and erectile dysfunction.